From the wiki I learned that destroyed components transfer any damage they take to the armor/hull:
http://gunsoficarusonline.wikia.com/wiki/Hit_MechanicsHitting a destroyed component will transfer damage and fire ignition chance (if present), to the "hull component" (first armor, then hull). Overflow damage on a single hit does not transfer. The damage transfer from a destroyed component is to the "hull component", a destroyed component therefore increases the hit-box of the "hull component".
I'm not 100% certain here, but I assume that the damage type factor is applied
after transfer, meaning the final damage will be computed is if the hull was hit.
For example, hitting a destroyed gun with Shatter damage applies the Shatter->Armor factor of 0.2, rather than the Shatter->Component factor of 2 to the final Hull damage. Is that assumption correct?