I'm not asking for a choice of which components you want to be shown in a static display or anything like that.
I'm suggesting, at the basic level, something where the icon hull for example would have a slight blue glow, whereas the balloon icon would have a slight green one, and so on and so forth for each component type. So if i'm running around, say at the back of a pyramidion, I can immediately note that it's the balloon that's taken damage without needing to pause for a split second so the icons will be clear enough to identify.
I say a slight glow because I like how the icons can be unobtrusive if things simply need a repair. People who aren't going to be focusing on repairs don't necessarily want to see a lime green or neon pink thing at the corner of their screen. That's just going to distract them.
On an advanced level, there could be a set of priorities, with a different color for each priority. Somebody could then go into perhaps the ship customization screen and set whichever components to whichever priority, and those would be the colors involved. For example, the main engineer of a galleon would set hull, balloon, and the main engine as higher priorities than the turning engines and lower guns, because a gungineer at the bottom ought to be able to handle those. The main engineer of a pyramidion would prioritize hull and engines, and lower the priority of the balloon and top guns. This would be especially useful on a mobula--an engineer on one side of the ship would prioritize things on their side of the ship, and lower the priority of the other side.